![]() The Shroud of Turin is an approximately 14 x 3.5 feet linen cloth bearing the faint frontal and dorsal images of a man with reddish areas corresponding to wounds at the head, hands, feet and back. ![]() Keywords: Shroud of Turin, bloodstains, hemolysis, saponin, bilirubin Abbreviations The implications of these studies for bloodstain evaluation on the Shroud of Turin are discussed. Bloodstains with a high bilirubin content were not found to maintain a reddish color, regardless of the specific form of bilirubin present. No effect of hemolysis on bloodstain color was observed, although, unexpectedly, it was found that a reddish color did persist in blood added to material that had been pre-treated with glycerin. Here, both hypotheses are examined to assess the effects of such circumstances on bloodstain color over time. ![]() Alternatively, the reddish color has been proposed to result from a high bilirubin content in the blood, transferred from a body that had undergone severe physical trauma. It has been suggested that the reddish color may be a consequence of a residual coating of Saponaria, a softening agent used in the processing of ancient linen that contains hemolytic properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that the bloodstains test positive for various blood components including hemoglobin, albumin, and immunoglobulin, indicating they are not merely paint or pigment however, as noted by many who have examined the cloth, the bloodstains are more reddish than would be expected for aged blood. One of the most intriguing examples of aged bloodstains on an archeological textile are those found on the Shroud of Turin, a controversial linen cloth bearing the image of a man with wounds corresponding to scourging and crucifixion.
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